At the same time, the UK Government recognised for the first time, as part of the prospective, the so-called "Irish dimension": the principle that the people of the island of Ireland as a whole have the right, without any outside interference, to solve the issues between North and South by mutual consent. [65] Other early nationalist groups which campaigned against partition included the National League of the North (formed in 1928), the Northern Council for Unity (formed in 1937) and the Irish Anti-Partition League (formed in 1945). Recent census data shows that the population of Ireland is nearly split between Protestants and Catholics, with a growing percentage identifying with neither. At the time of its creation, Northern Ireland's population was two-thirds Protestant and one-third Catholic. The Government of Ireland Act was designed to create two separate Home Rule territories, both of which would remain in the United Kingdoma Northern Ireland and a Southern Irelandthat would both be quasi-autonomous, self-governing entities of the United Kingdom. [54], During 192022, in what became Northern Ireland, partition was accompanied by violence "in defence or opposition to the new settlement"[21] during the Troubles in Northern Ireland (19201922). LAND AND RESOURCES The total area of Northern Ireland is 14,160 sq km, of which 628 sq km is inland water. Those counties were not yet an Irish Republic; they were a dominion within the British Empire, but no longer a part of the United Kingdom. Alongside the violence, there was a political deadlock between the major political parties in Northern Ireland, including those who condemned the violence, over the future status of Northern Ireland and the form of government there should be within Northern Ireland. With their decline in official use, there is often confusion surrounding towns and cities which lie near county boundaries, such as Belfast and Lisburn, which are split between counties Down and Antrim (the majorities of both cities, however, are in Antrim). ", in, "Anglo-Irish Relations, 193941: A Study in Multilateral Diplomacy and Military Restraint" in, Boyd Black, "A Triumph of Voluntarism? [222] Although they are transmitted in standard definition, a Freeview HD box or television is required for reception. It can arouse irritation, particularly among nationalists, for whom the title province is properly reserved for the traditional province of Ulster, of which Northern Ireland comprises six out of nine counties. List of districts in Northern Ireland by religion or religion brought up in. For information on recent communal conflicts in Northern Ireland, see the Troubles. The first British troops arrived on the 15th August. [142] Hotels and other accommodations, for example, "closed apart from only for work-related stays". Half of the city's houses had been destroyed, highlighting the terrible slum conditions in Belfast, and about 20 million worth of damage was caused. But Irish nationalists had unilaterally declared an independent Ireland and launched a guerrilla campaignthe Irish War of Independence, or Anglo-Irish War (191921) and refused to recognize the act; they refused to reconcile themselves to remaining within the United Kingdom. This led to the founding of many of Ulster's towns and created a lasting Ulster Protestant community with ties to Britain. Of course, theyre all Irish, but they just have fundamentally different conceptions of what that means, says Weaver. (Photo by Charles McQuillan/Getty Images). Southern England is likely to be the warmest area as . Variable:BRITISH. [108] The absence of a distinct nation of Northern Ireland, separate within the island of Ireland, is also pointed out as being a problem with using the term[14][113][114] and is in contrast to England, Scotland, and Wales. The population of Northern Ireland is about 1.9 million people with a third of this population residing in the Belfast Metropolitan area. These operate separately under the aegis of the North/South Language Body, which reports to the North/South Ministerial Council. [151] In terms of background (i.e. The service is to be permanently moved to Craigavon Area . The Catholic Protestant Divide Religious Differences Around seventy-five per cent of the population of Northern Ireland was protestant, and twenty-five per cent was Catholic. Religious Demographics About 93% of the Northern Irish population identifies as Christian, 1% is non-Christian and 6% is not religious. The townland is situated in the civil parish of Derriaghy and the historic Barony of Belfast Upper. [21] More than 500 were killed[22] and more than 10,000 became refugees, most of them Catholics. The cycle centres on the reign of Conchobar mac Nessa, who is said to have been the king of Ulster around the 1st century. [96], For the most part, Protestants feel a strong connection with Great Britain and wish for Northern Ireland to remain part of the United Kingdom. Protestant loyalists attacked Catholics in reprisal for IRA actions. Opinion polls consistently show that the election results are not necessarily an indication of the electorate's stance regarding the constitutional status of Northern Ireland. As was intended by unionists and their supporters in Westminster, Northern Ireland had a unionist majority, who wanted to remain in the United Kingdom;[18] they were generally the Protestant descendants of colonists from Britain. The USC was almost wholly Protestant. It would divide Ireland into two self-governing UK territories: the six northeastern counties (Northern Ireland) being ruled from Belfast, and the other twenty-six counties (Southern Ireland) being ruled from Dublin. Across the nine counties, according to the aggregate UK 2011 Census for Northern Ireland, and the ROI 2011 Census for counties Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan, there is a Roman Catholic majority over Protestant of 50.8% to 42.7%. Northern Ireland has underdeveloped transport infrastructure, with most infrastructure concentrated around Greater Belfast, Greater Derry, and Craigavon. This entitlement was reaffirmed in the 1998 Good Friday Agreement between the British and Irish governments, which provides that: it is the birthright of all the people of Northern Ireland to identify themselves and be accepted as Irish or British, or both, as they may so choose, and accordingly [the two governments] confirm that their right to hold both British and Irish citizenship is accepted by both Governments and would not be affected by any future change in the status of Northern Ireland. Information on Census 2021 in Northern Ireland. There are 462 seats that will be contested in all of Northern Ireland's 11 councils. Players play for local clubs with the best being selected for their county teams. Londonderry, known to locals as Derry, is Northern Ireland's second largest city. Unlike in the rest of the country, where Gaelic authority continued only in scattered, remote pockets, the major kingdoms of Ulster would mostly remain intact with English authority in the province contained to areas on the eastern coast closest to Great Britain. In 1921, the Irish successfully fought for independence and Ireland was partitioned into two countries: the Irish Free State, which was almost entirely Catholic, and the smaller Northern Ireland, which was mostly Protestant with a Catholic minority. Motorcycle racing is a particularly popular sport during the summer months, with the main meetings of the season attracting some of the largest crowds to any outdoor sporting event in the whole of Ireland. The Ulster-dominated alliance represented the first Irish united front (prior resistance had always been localized). The full line-up of candidates standing in May's local government election has been confirmed. Government and cultural organisations in Northern Ireland often use the word "Ulster" in their title; for example, the University of Ulster, the Ulster Museum, the Ulster Orchestra, and BBC Radio Ulster. NICRA's campaign, seen by many unionists as an Irish republican front, and the violent reaction to it proved to be a precursor to a more violent period. Dublin (along with parts of Ulster) was the only part of Ireland in 1700 where Protestants were a majority. The Troubles were precipitated by years upon years of friction between Catholics and Protestants. [citation needed] English is also spoken as a first language by 95.4% of the Northern Ireland population. The city's fire brigade was inadequate, and as the Northern Ireland government had been reluctant to spend money on air raid shelters, it only started to build them after the Blitz in London during the autumn of 1940. Wikipedia policy is to use Londonderry for the county and Derry for the city. The six counties of Northern Ireland are among the nine governed by the Ulster branch of the Irish Rugby Football Union, the governing body of rugby union in Ireland. A longtime contributor to HowStuffWorks, Dave has also been published in The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times and Newsweek. This was bitterly opposed by Irish Unionists, most of whom were Protestants, who feared an Irish devolved government dominated by Irish nationalists and Catholics. This reiterated the long-held British position, which had never before been fully acknowledged by successive Irish governments, that Northern Ireland will remain within the United Kingdom until a majority of voters in Northern Ireland decides otherwise. They saw what was happening in the United States and how peaceful mass protests had drawn attention to the plight of Black Americans living under segregation and Jim Crow. While bloodied protestors fled into the freezing river for protection, the RUC officers stood aside and did nothing to protect them, says Smyth. The Northern Ireland Office represents the UK Government in Northern Ireland on reserved matters and represents Northern Ireland's interests within the UK Government. Catholics live largely in the west and south, apart from a small pocket in the far north-east. It won the European Cup in 1999. Two Catholic schools in the area were burned in arson attacks within 24 hours last week. The Irish Rebellion of 1798 was led by the United Irishmen; a cross-community Irish republican group founded by Belfast Presbyterians, which sought Irish independence. Parades are a prominent feature of Northern Ireland society,[188] more so than in the rest of Ireland or the United Kingdom. The biggest employer in Belfast was the shipyard, but it had a 95 percent Protestant workforce. 4.3% were born elsewhere; triple the amount there were in 2001. [42] Unionists argued that if Home Rule could not be stopped then all or part of Ulster should be excluded from it. "[183], Along with the Irish language, the Good Friday Agreement recognised the dialect as part of Northern Ireland's unique culture and the St Andrews Agreement recognised the need to "enhance and develop the Ulster Scots language, heritage and culture". In the Nine Years' War (15941603), an alliance of Gaelic chieftains led by the two most powerful Ulster lords, Hugh Roe O'Donnell and the Earl of Tyrone fought against the English government in Ireland. This is the main cause of the recent surge in unionist protest in Belfast. [151], In recent censuses, respondents gave their religious identity or religious upbringing as follows:[153][154][150], In Northern Ireland censuses, respondents can choose more than one national identity. Dunbar also won The Amateur Championship in 2012, at Royal Troon. He ruled from Emain Macha (now Navan Fort near Armagh), and had a fierce rivalry with queen Medb and king Ailill of Connacht and their ally, Fergus mac Rich, former king of Ulster. Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom with a population divided along ethno-religious lines between Protestant unionists who want to remain a part of the UK and Catholic. religion or religion brought up in), at the 2021 census 45.7% of the population came from a Catholic background, 43.5% from a Protestant background, 1.5% from other religious backgrounds, and 5.6% from non-religious backgrounds. Dr Paul Nolan, who specialises in monitoring the peace process and social trends . Henry Holt & Company, 1999, p. 221; Peter Barberis, John McHugh, Mike Tyldesley (editors). This was the Easter Risingfamously the moment in 1916 when the most intransigent, the most committed, the most culturally Republican and Catholic nationalists chose to rise up in Dublin in rebellion against British rule. In May 2022, the UK Government proposed a bill in the House of Lords to make Irish an official language (and support Ulster Scots) in Northern Ireland and to create an Irish Language Commissioner. Some historians peg the real beginning of the Troubles to the events of August 1969, when a loyalist parade in Derry sparked three days of rioting and violent reprisals. They were met with violent resistance by the Bogsiders, who hurled rocks and Molotov cocktails. [40] Ireland seemed to be on the brink of civil war. [89], The main political divide in Northern Ireland is between unionists, who wish to see Northern Ireland continue as part of the United Kingdom, and nationalists, who wish to see Northern Ireland unified with the Republic of Ireland, independent from the United Kingdom. In the Belfast City Council and Derry and Strabane District Council areas, the figures at ward level vary from 99% Protestant to 92% Catholic. [72] The British did not inform the government of Northern Ireland that they had made the offer to the Dublin government, and de Valera's rejection was not publicised until 1970. The highest-ranked Northern Ireland professional on the world circuit presently is Mark Allen from County Antrim. These sectors "have been mandated to close since 26 December 2020, with a very limited number of exceptions" and many restrictions were continuing into April 2021. The six counties of Antrim, Down, Armagh, Londonderry, Tyrone and Fermanagh comprised the maximum area unionists believed they could dominate,[48] The area that was to become Northern Ireland included counties Fermanagh and Tyrone, even though they had nationalist majorities in the 1918 Irish general election. "[195][196], The Irish Rugby Football Union and the Church of Ireland have used the Saint Patrick's Saltire or "Cross of StPatrick". [185], As of March2004[update] the UK Government recognises only British Sign Language and Irish Sign Language as the official sign languages used in Northern Ireland.[186][187]. Catholics - Northern Ireland - Ward Map showing distribution of Catholic population in Northern Ireland, at ward level (2001)..pdf 513kb.jpg 170kb.jpg 2572kb: . County Londonderry (or County Derry) is located in Northern Ireland's north-west. The large-scale Catholic migration to the largely Ulster Protestant Belfast led to sectarian rioting across the city, with the Falls and Shankill areas often finding themselves at the centre of the conflict. The crowd started to move, but was barricaded by a line of police from the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) brandishing batons. Sports tend to be organised on an all-Ireland basis, with a single team for the whole island. A 2008 survey found that 57% of Protestants described themselves as British, while 32% identified as Northern Irish, 6% as Ulster, and 4% as Irish. Following the reform of local government in Northern Ireland the twenty-six districts created in 1973 were replaced with eleven "super districts". Half of school children are Catholics and only a third are Protestants. The origins of the Troubles date back to centuries of warfare in which the predominantly Catholic people of Ireland attempted to break free of British (overwhelmingly Protestant) rule. Of the province's 50 worst areas in terms of educational deprivation, 37 are in Belfast, with Neet rates running at between 10% and 17% of late teens in some parts of the city. These counties are no longer used for local government purposes; instead, there are eleven districts of Northern Ireland which have different geographical extents. These figures based on the 2021 census at district level mask wide variations on smaller scales. During the 19th century, legal reforms known as the Catholic emancipation continued to remove discrimination against Catholics, and progressive programs enabled tenant farmers to buy land from landlords. One curious fact of the Northern Irish psyche that has been true for a long, long time, is that while they are intensely loyal to the crown and the union with Great Britain, theres also no love lost between the Northern Irish unionists and Great Britain: the Irish unionists always feel let down, always feel betrayed. Northern Ireland consists of six historic counties: County Antrim, County Armagh, County Down, County Fermanagh, County Londonderry,[b] and County Tyrone. It is still used by some British army regiments. The current wording provides that people born in Northern Ireland are entitled to be Irish citizens on the same basis as people from any other part of the island. The volcanic activity which created the Antrim Plateau also formed the geometric pillars of the Giant's Causeway on the north Antrim coast. On April 6, 1917, Congress voted to declare war on Germany, joining the bloody battlethen optimistically called the Great War. Rochester political scientist Hein Goemans explains why Germany was willing to risk American entry into the war. Their subsequent execution and martyrdom intensely complicated the situation. [67] Almost all judges and magistrates were Protestant, many of them closely associated with the UUP. Attempts at resistance were swiftly crushed everywhere outside of Ulster. Image credit: Ronan O'Connell Stay low-key to avoid problems Government The UK Government's position is that its forces were neutral in the conflict, trying to uphold law and order in Northern Ireland and the right of the people of Northern Ireland to democratic self-determination. Several hundred people have attended a protest in Newry over the planned removal of emergency general surgery at Daisy Hill Hospital. Northern Ireland's new police force was the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), which succeeded the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC). Unionists are predominantly Ulster Protestant, descendants of mainly Scottish, English, and Huguenot settlers as well as Gaels who converted to one of the Protestant denominations. They modeled themselves on the American civil rights movement to the extent that one of the songs sung in Northern Ireland was We Shall Overcome, says Smyth, who edited a 2017 book titled Remembering the Troubles: Contesting the Recent Past in Northern Ireland. Irish nationalists had also formed a paramilitary organisation, the Irish Volunteers. Ulster is one of the four professional provincial teams in Ireland and competes in the United Rugby Championship and European Cup. This escalated at the end of the century, especially during the County Armagh disturbances, where the Protestant Peep o' Day Boys fought the Catholic Defenders. [194] The former Northern Ireland flag, also known as the "Ulster Banner" or "Red Hand Flag", is a banner derived from the coat of arms of the Government of Northern Ireland until 1972. Its more evenly split, with a growing percentage of people in the north of Ireland who do not align themselves either as Protestant or Catholic, which means theres now a pretty sizable minority that is outside of this cultural antipathy altogether. Northern Ireland is composed of 26 districts, derived from the boroughs of Belfast and Londonderry and the counties of Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, and Tyrone. Dave Roos is a freelance writer based in the United States and Mexico. In the primary school sector, 40 schools (8.9% of the total number) are integrated schools and 32 (7.2% of the total number) are Gaelscoileanna (Irish language-medium schools). The side competes in Test cricket, the highest level of competitive cricket in the international arena, and is one of the 12 full-member countries of the ICC. [174] However, geography is a much more important determinant of dialect than religious background. The Ireland Act 1949 gave the first legal guarantee that the region would not cease to be part of the United Kingdom without the consent of the Parliament of Northern Ireland. [47] Most Ulster unionists wanted the territory of the Ulster government to be reduced to six counties so that it would have a larger Protestant unionist majority, which they believed would guarantee its longevity. NISL takes a large component from the British family of sign language (which also includes Auslan) with many borrowings from ASL. In the 1960s, a new generation of politically and socially conscious young Catholic nationalists in Northern Ireland started looking to the civil rights movement in America as a model for ending what they saw as brazen anti-Catholic discrimination in their home country. "Jack Holland: Hope against History: The Course of Conflict in Northern Ireland. [150] This was the first time since Northern Ireland's creation that there were more people from a Catholic background than Protestant. BELFAST, Sept 22 (Reuters) - Northern Ireland has more Catholics than Protestants for the first time, census results showed on Thursday, a historic shift that some see as likely to help drive. In addition racing on purpose built circuits take place at Kirkistown and Bishop's Court,[210] whilst smaller road race meetings are held such as the Cookstown 100, the Armoy Road Races[211] and the Tandragee 100[212] all of which form part of the Irish National Road Race Championships[213] and which have produced some of the greatest motorcycle racers in the history of the sport, notably Joey Dunlop. Owing to the outbreak of the Irish Civil War, the work of the commission was delayed until 1925. Northern Ireland is served by three airports Belfast International near Antrim, George Best Belfast City integrated into the railway network at Sydenham in East Belfast, and City of Derry in County Londonderry. Major seaports at Larne and Belfast carry passengers and freight between Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It established a devolved power-sharing government, the Northern Ireland Assembly, located on the Stormont Estate, which must consist of both unionist and nationalist parties. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was formed in 1801 and governed from London. The Free State, Northern Ireland, and UK governments agreed to suppress the report and accept the status quo, while the UK government agreed that the Free State would no longer have to pay a share of the UK national debt. In May 2022 it was announced the population had risen to 1.9 million,. All Rights Reserved. These institutions were suspended by the UK Government in 2002 after Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) allegations of spying by people working for Sinn Fin at the Assembly (Stormontgate). Module:Community Relations. Also in north Antrim are the Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge, Mussenden Temple and the Glens of Antrim. [28][29] The 1998 Good Friday Agreement was a major step in the peace process, including paramilitary disarmament and security normalisation, although sectarianism and segregation remain major social problems, and sporadic violence has continued. It was the hottest day of the year for England, Wales and Northern Ireland this Saturday, just days ahead of King Charles' Coronation. ", "CAIN: Northern Ireland Society Security and Defence", Department of Enterprise, Trade, and Investment: Full Economic Overview, 15 October 2014, "UK unemployment rate falls to lowest level since 2008 financial crisis", "Lundy's Day: Thousands attend 'peaceful' Londonderry parade", "Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America", "Lemass-O'Neill talks focused on `purely practical matters'", "BBC History The Troubles Violence", "The Cameron Report Disturbances in Northern Ireland (1969)", "BBC News | NORTHERN IRELAND | Republic drops claim to NI", "Securocrat sabotage exposed | An Phoblacht", "Professor John H. Whyte paper on discrimination in Northern Ireland", "CAIN website key issues discrimination summary", "Ark survey, 2007.

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