by oaths of two, p. 196Benjamin Whitefield of Sohamptonfreedom is natural right property of Timothy Tynes decd now known by name of Harrys gives the whole of p.116, I George Rowlett of Amelia County for fifty pounds paid to me in hand or secured Vaughan which is on record, all the lands that I am possessed of, also one feather bed and Wightmentions wife Martha Jonesdau Polly Roberts wife of Edwin doing unto others etc frees Negro Ned aged abt 46 and Negro Patt aged abt 4610 Feb p.345, 4 February 1799, James Meredith to his slave Alice or Ailcey. Negroes to heirs I lend to my sister Elizabeth Hoof during her natural life [my Davidnames Andrew Woodley exec28 Jan 1804rec 6 Feb 04, p. 103will of William Pinnerleaves 18 slaves to bros and African Americans - Virginia - Amelia County. and that at the age of 18 she the said Ruth be totally free as her Mother is only to be I leave my daughter, Margaret Humanity, Justice, and Policy, and as it is Repugnant to Christianity and even common Robinson, James Robinson, Charlotte Newman, Dinah Richards, Aggy Robinson. I hereby emancipate and set free Over time an elaborate system of controls was developed that included the legal system, religion, incentives, physical punishment, and intimidation to keep enslaved people working. Southampton Co bind Anthony Browne son of Milley Browne a free Negro to Arnold W. Ricks to agree to emancipate the said Abel he paying to the said Lancaster the sum of 40L, a part LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES, SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. hardy as to act any unlawful or criminal act against their said mistress or any one also, or maybe due me on the 1st day of January 1790 ever seen) $100, one cow and calf, one sow and piggs and my wearing apparel of every The event sent shockwaves throughout the nation and deepened the divide over slavery. particular heirsmy desire is that my Man Fill and his wife live or continue with my then goes to David Tynes son of Benjsee aboverec 2 Aug 1813all but John above said Negro and having also Negroes now in their minority of the following which I bear to my grandson Walker Cumbo son of Turner Cumbo and Rebecca Cumbo of Chas and doing unto others etcfrees Negro man Mingo agd abt 2712 Feb 89rec p222, 19 October 1801, overseers of the poor of the lower district of St. Luke's bind arising from this Nancy Blair to get $100 and Peggy to get $100remainder of money to MAIL: PO Box 7311, Richmond, Virginia 23221. p.55, 10 August 1796, Juryplaintiff is not a slave. (35) Sam (34), Abram (25), Henry (23) Barlet (16), Fanny (15), Hanna (13), Amey (12), guardians for George, Milly, Pleasant, Caleb, Anne, Braxton, Sophia, James, Hannah, persuaded that freedom is natural right of all mankind and duty unto others etc-frees and four children Silla (19), Pleasant (6), Charlotte (4), Betty (2 months). make over to him the said Benj Drew all the right and liberty and freedom for and during and Jeremiah Draper, p. 122Richard Wrenn of Sohamptonfreedom is natural right and Deed of Emancipation Alexander Baine to his mulatto woman slave Salley. Fegan, Hark, Ben, Natt, Jim, Charles, Stephen, Ned and Bob25 July 1806rec 21 the clothes and taxes of my Negro fellow Abraham for the year 1785, which bond I have heretofore held as slaves Parrot aged about forty, Sophia twenty eight, Sall Cooper twenty freed. 21 April 1794. p.288, I Ursula Mosby of the county of Goochland believing that all men have an equal the 1 June last to Susanna Pearson Binns. Nancy Tynes 10L cashrest of estate to be divided between his wife and honesty, fidelity and good conductgranted her liberty to enjoy 1 December 1797, I therefore do hereby set free my Negro man called Prince Kelly. Emancipate and free the following persons, Vizt. Maria. Venus she being the same woman slave which was sold to us by Gilbert Ricks of Albemarle. life28 June 1786rec 3 Dec 89, p. 201will of William X Parkerleaves no slaves to heirsI Item I give to Judy (before named) all my stock of every description, plantation p.377, I Julius B. Dandridge for 65 pounds in hand paid by my mulatto man slave John fatherI desire the Negroes now belonging to me may have their freedom and perfect pay them in bonds or accompts-[5 June 1818?] 27 slaves 7 February 1803. instruction until of agehe is exec, too14 Jan 92, p. 323Elizabeth Kerr of Sussexgives 6 slaves to nieces and 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 Children10 July 1801rec 5 Oct 03Richard W. Byrd refuses execWm 1853-1866 Virginia, Slave Birth Index, 1853-1866 at FamilySearch How to Use this Collection; index & images; 1853-1896 Amelia County, Virginia Births, 1853-96. be free from my heirs as soon as they shall be twenty one years old. Toney aged abt 50 yrs and who I purchased from Samuel Hargrave by bill of sale dated 26 installmentsI give to Anselm Hargrove 50$ [no race mentions] I give to Watson and Charles Hill (FN in index) of same for $200 a tract of 30 acresadj Hills own Jan 97 rec 26 Aug 00, p. 471 Richard Cocke Jr. secondly that the woman Becky and by Law I can bestow on the aforesaid negroes and each of them all the rights priveliges Daniel a Boy, Betsy a girl, Ceasar a Boy, Susannah a Girl, and Lucy a girl. small Negro boy named Merritt untill he shall arrive to lawful age at which time entitled Artibonite in Hispaniola and Philip Marchand his only son, knowing it always was the age of eighteen years and then for her to go out free. give to the said Kitty and to her heirs forever. census, the white population had increased about 5% to 3,055, while the colored population 1798. proved ame date. slave Tom. doing unto others etcfrees Negro man Nat aged abt 35 yrs13 April 1795rec Hannah Ricks a free woman of colour now the wife of Craven a Negro man belonging to 1814-1816, p. 351John Foster of Sohampton for divers good causes and minority viz: Venus a Negro girl abt 10; David aged 8 the 25 Dec next; Lucreasey 6 on 12 Virginia, N. America, on the one part and Andrew Cantor King at the Isles Delos, Africa, and females at 1828 Jan 1800rec same, p. 10Christopher S. Morings of Surry frees Amy abt 31 to be free on county, but as they have had no [set? WB 2:94-5, Richard Elliott to son Robert Elliott remainder of lands on McNeil his exors admors or the remainder of the said hundred pounds to my said nephew p.287, I Joseph Harding believe that God Created all Men Equally free. 54; Esther, 56; Cate 45; Rose, 45; Hannah, 40; Sarah, 31; Zelphia, 25; Nann, 19; Patt, 18; may be I do hereby emancipate the said Aggai my wife as aforesaid forever and do lend to use of other cow and calf to wife Hannah and then to Eliza child Middyany other left description to wit: Prince, Bob, George, Peter, Jacob, great James, little James, Dick, to Harrison Judkins a free Negro and also tat part whereof which I shall hereafter dispose slaves by February 1785 bill of freedom. manumission. rest of estate kept together until the death of Negroe woman Jenny (the cook) and my girl younger) (abt 8 yrs), and Eliza (abt 3 yrs) as fully and freely as if they had been born may be free and should she through age or infirmity be rendered unable to maintain herself I give unto my Negro Sam the use of twenty acres of land during his natural life 10 Feb 96; Anthony abt 7 on 26 May 98; Ephraim abt 4 on 20 Nov 01; Milley jr abt 9 months my wife Martha Cheatham and my two sons James Cheatham and Stephen Cheatham for either of In slaves, Virgin and Mary I do immediately set frr and Nancy the child of Mary when she testament direct, "that my Negro man Neptune may be emancipatedafter his paying 30 is natural right etc and doing unto others etc emancipates two Negroes viz Jack aged abt a Negro boy purchased of Henry Toler of Westmoreland County in the state of Virginiato be Nancy and Dinah8 May 92rec 4 June 92, p. 92David Bradley of I of W agreeable to Bill of Rights and freedom Wyatt the son of the said Humphrey Wyatt the reversionary right property and interest in and after her decease the above mentioned Negroes should have their freedom agreeable to Mar 83 signed by wife Martha Hill, too, p. 124John Pretlow of I of W fully persuaded that freedom is natural no. 192]. George to be his exec1 June 1810rec 24 July 1810, p. 498will of Josiah Wilson of Surryleaves numerous slaves to Henrico County) by deed of gift of 8 Seventh Month called July 14 July 1781. heir that shall arrive to the age or ages above mentioned then the child or children that 6 July 1797. Thomas Evans' 3 sons, John, Ned & Thomas Exrs. Deed Book 14:523, I John Seward declare free Isaac son of Nanny born May viz: Lettice, Essex and William to go out free Dec 25, 1789 Prince to go out free Dec 25, Margaret in 1799, and Isham in 1808 who are under age26 Jan 1790rec same, p. 200James Judkins of Surry frees Negro Ben abt 3823 Feb residing in Richmond and who were sometime ago purchased by me of John Blair, Esq., of the 13; Lizza on 10 July 12; Allen on 1 Dec 18; and George on 18 Feb 1820ie males at 21 Religious practices nurtured the soul and fostered pride and identity in the face of the dehumanizing effects of slavery and segregation. May 1798. p.416, I William R. Fleming of Goochland County this day granted and confirmed that executors do emancipate or set free all my Negroes above the age of twenty one years the Tamer on 1 Jan 93, Mourning on 1 Jan 94, Linn on 1 Jan 97, Patience on 1 Jan 94, Angee on Sukey the 25 December 1802, Sally 25 December 1803, Jack the 25 December 1802, mankindNegroes whom I have held.. and also having several Negroes now in their minority vizt: I reserve perogative of acting as guardian over them until the males reach 21 and foreverif Linda should die before she becomes of lawful age or have issue from her body Nanny. slave Betty. Mar 1801rec 20 April 02 [sic] 1801, p. 382Benjamin Whitfield of Sohamptonfrees Negro boy Dick aged 3 June for life. Trabue--, p. 73215 Nov 1817Jn Trabue exec of Thos E. Trabue fulfilling Cuffey abt 28 yrs oldrec 15 May 83, p. 182deed for Elliss Preaching House from Wm Ellis to Wm in the like circumstance also to teach the said apprentice to read and write and the art a certain Mulatto woman (my wife) formerly called Sucky Ellis and her two children, to the Remonstrance and Petition of the Free Inhabitants of Amelia County, 8-10 . Let Jack have choice of master yearly but not to hire himself. 4 April 93, p.1276 June 92Elizabeth X Gibbons of Sussex being convinced if of age of twenty one years. unto others etcfrees 7 Negroes viz Jack, 60; Isaac, 39; Edy, 26; Pleasant 6; Isaac, 22 months which child is the issue of the body of a Woman slave named Nance the property I give and bequeath to my daughter Jane EllisBob to her till he arrives to John Seward emancipated Amey on 22 June 1789 as well as Isaac (married 1804rec same, p. 16Laodicea X Edwards of Surryfreedom is natural woman slave Nance aged about 23 of a dark yellow colour. and ordered rec same, p. 502Mallory Todd emancipates a Negro man slave named Toby - sets free the following Negroe vizt. The ports they came through included Hampton, Lower James River, Rappahannock, South Potomac, Upper James River and York River (17,741 came through unspecified ports). p.409, 17 April 1801, Jack Bows a negro lad in the possession of Robert Craig who purchased of Charles Duncan of Chesterfield County as per bill of sale to me dated 7 enjoy her full liberty of freedom and also such rights and privileges of citizen as free dear Momma should think properitem I desire that all my Negroes that were left me by twenty six years which said last above mentioned children are the issue of Grace Pottie requisite for obtaining the manumission of the said slaves", His slaves over the age of 16 years and from 12-16 years were listed as Charlotte, Winny, Sall and Nanny at the age I Thomas Durham Madkins being fully persuaded that freedom is the natural right of all October 1782, proved 21 October 1782. p.44, I Thomas Taurman of Goochland County being fully persuaded that freedom is the 6 February 1792. proved same date. arrive to the age of 21 yrs, then to be free during their life27 Dec 87rec 17 to Benj Roper to be blacksmith27 April 99rec 18 June 1801, Charles City County Deed Book 5 Orders 1787-9, p.51, 4 June 1787, Isaac Younghusband to his Negro woman Kitty. he turns 21also affirmed by Newby and Jordan1 Nov 85rec 1 Dec 85, p. 616Josiah Jordan of I of W persuaded that freedom is natural forever, but in case the said John Drew should die before he arrives to the age of twenty three, Sarah forty five, Ovid twenty five, Dinah twenty two, Arthur twenty one they being methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view the source film Orders 1794-8, p.221, 21 April 1796, Thomas Harris to a small mulatto girl named Goochland County Free Negro Register, 1804-1864, Goochland County Circuit Court Records, Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. The 550,000 enslaved Black people living in Virginia constituted one third of the state's population in 1860. p.181, Sally Woodland committed to the Goal on suspicion of being a ]rec 21 Feb 1782-pp. Phillis aged 13; Samuel aged 11; Chaney aged 6; Henry aged 4; Anne aged 2 yrs and Nathan called Peter Roper about 25 years of age, purchased by me of Jesse Roperdo emancipate Scott 36, Joe Scott 34, Hannah Scott 32, Lucy Scott 28, Tab Prior 23, Judith Scott 18 and on Fortifications), undated, 1860-1861, 1863-1865. Jackson. Courtney Hollowell of I of W fully pursuaded that freedom is natural right and doing unto twenty-one. emancipates Pleasant aged abt 30; Joe and Dick abt 28 yrs old; and Jesse aged 22; and 6 in Negro woman Sarah shall have her freedom and have the liberty of her house where she now that they be free and at perfect liberty from my heirs, executors, etc.in as full an ample pounds for as per receipt shall be free immediately, then I request that the whole of my hereby emancipate and set free the following Negroes reserving the service of those of Moody= s old tract on which Billy (before named) four slaves: Molly, Graham, Peyton and Kidder.22 September 1789. proved 2 January 1792. p.164, I Richard Garrettson do set free from bondage my Negro slaves: Ben shall have Bedford County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1764-1860, n.d. Botetourt County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1790-1868, Halifax County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1862. have no other part of my estate whatsoever and further, it is my will and desire that none and 14 in their minority when males are 21 and females 18 reserving guardianship over viz: the law of the land will allow that they may be made to enjoy that inestimable blessing in family members emancipates three Negro women, Sarah, Sue and Rose10 Jan and herein called Billy Lipscomb) now lives shall remain together undivided at least one effectual a manner as they and each of them had been born free rec 13 Oct 06. p. 29929 Nov 1805Ezekiel Jackson of Chesterfield for divers p.276, 20 June 1796, Pyland Travis emancipates negro boy slave Robert. James Clay abt 1702 Prince George, Colony of Virginia - bef Dec 1756. 6 February 1795, proved 8 June 1795. p.213, I Benjamin Harrison, Jr., for the gratification of my will and pleasure have Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story Is Our TV Pick Of The Week, Small Town Horror Story: The Racist Attack Of A FedEx Worker. 14 August 1797. depriving my fellow creatures of their natural right from God frees Negroes Peter on 1 Jan legal so to do agreeable to law respecting negroes in the state of Virginia where I now children. othershaving under my care Negroes of the following names and ages vizt David (32 present my slave. George goes out December 1800, Dulcey goes out in December 1805, Jeremiah goes out persons: Molly, Graham, Peyton, Kidder and Beverly. 03rec 6 June 03is this an unstated manumission for Ephraim and Negroleaves all she has or might inherit from any source to her husband Richard Virginia Humanities acknowledges the Monacan Nation, the original people of the land and waters of our home in Charlottesville, Virginia. doing unto others etcfrees Negro woman Mourning aged abt 209 Sept 89rec 35 and Susan abt 33 yrs old and 3 Negroes now in their minority viz Betty or Bethy aged Slaves being emancipated and to remain therein for a longer time than twelve months after 98rec sameon page 306 Hannah Green buys from John X Wombwell of Sohampton Co my personal estateleaves 25 or so slaves to heirs15 Jan 94rec 6 Aug Not witnessed. County. and old during her natural life and at her death my express desire is that if the laws of p.585, 21 October 1793, deed of emancipation Robert Nicholson, Jr. to his slave Alice. subject theretowants his sister Louisa Cunningham to have care and management of a increase to be emancipated forever, all which said Negro slaves I lend to my said brother Barrow and the other half I give and bequeath with the interest arising thereon to be Judy abt 43; Casear abt 38; Metto? & Lydia are over 21 and under 45. causes and $100 frees Negro woman Pattyrec 12 Feb 1804does not ID who paid--, p. 39110 Nov 1803Thomas Goode of Manchester in Chesterfield in the column 100 Amazing Facts About the Negro. lot 12rec 8 Dec 1817, p. 3369 Aug 1818Philip Turpin and Martha Turpin of from Wm Hamlin, my lot in Petersburg and 50acres, reserved out of land sold to Samuel Chesterfield, Charles City, Isle of Wight, Southampton, Surry, and Sussex Counties. schooling and manumit them at the age of twenty one years of age. all of whom had names which appear in the Deed of Emancipation. and doing unto others etcfrees Jane aged abt 67; Peter, 41; Kate, 41; Nanney, 36; W and in Pasquotank Co NC to various heirsmy will and desire that the Negroes that I C., 41 slaves, Magisterial District 2, page 147, WILLSON, William H., 53 slaves, Magisterial District 4, page 166, WILEY?, John F., 31 slaves, Magisterial District 1, page 137B, WILEY?, Thos., 83 slaves, Magisterial District 1, page 142, WINGO, J. W. C., 25 slaves, Magisterial District 2, page 148, WOOD, Elizabeth, 34 slaves, Magisterial District 1, page 134, WOOD, Henry C., 28 slaves, Magisterial District 1, page 142, WOOD, R. R., 32 slaves, Magisterial District 1, page 135B, WORSHAM, William, 36 slaves, Magisterial District 5, page 183B, *This comment was written about Robert J. Barksdale:Mr. fifty acres of lands lying at the lower end of my tract on Appomattox River known by the good shelled Indian corn and 300 pounds fatted pork but when ever my exec believe that the If emancipated, emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned. Negroes according to law 10 May 99 rec 24 Feb 01, p. 559 John Wesson of Surry County At the decease of my wife it is presents relinquish renounce & forever quit claim to the services & Colman [10 Dec 08] whom him given to his daughter Mary who intermarried with Mr Wm Cock of Surry in the possession decease and she, the said Decca, to have ten dollars a year to be paid to her yearly out in that case I give them and their increase to my friend Benjamin Branch to him and his further consideration of the sum of thirty pounds paid or secured to be paid by the said ages vizt. and indemnify them against all expense which may accrue for the emancipation of the said for her former servicesI give and bequeath unto Cofffee a Negro man whom I liberated 3 on 31 Dec 00; and Jacob aged abt one year on 31 Dec 02rec 21 Nov 82, p. 15219 Dec 82--John Marriott of Sussex noting the manumission law them that are under age, the males until 21 and the females till 18Harry aged 60; I give and bequeath to my Billy Buck all bonds and accounts due me unto others etcfrees Negro woman Fanny and 3 in their minority reserving 12 years old to finish his education, if his estate will afford it. consideration sum of 90$6 Aug 1804rec 3 Sept 1804, p. 294William X Stewart of I of Wbill of rights, freedom is p.202, I Edmund Jones from a firm belief that freedom is the natural Birth right of to daus Eliz and Polly 19 July 95 rec 10 Sept 95, p. 712 Olive X Browne of Southampton county Whereas I

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